1 Marshall McLuhan and Quentin Fiore, The Medium is the Massage (New York: Bantam Books, 1967) 8.

2 McLuhan and Fiore, 10.

3 Roland Barthes, Camera Lucida (New York: Hill and Wang, 1981) 85-87.

4 Marvin Minsky, The Society of Mind (New York: Touchstone, 1986) 306.

5 Stanley E. Fish, "Interpreting the Variourum," Debating Texts, (ed.) Rick Rylance (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987) 155-171.

6 Neil Postman, "The Teaching of the Media Culture," American Media and Mass Culture, (ed.) Donald LaZere (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987) 421.

7 Jean Baudrillard, "Simulations," New York: Semiotext (e), 1983: 152.

8 Ed. Rev. of The Arrangement, by Friedrich Durrenmatt, Harpers, Aprl 1988: 36.

9 McLuhan and Fiore, 9.

10 Walter Benjamin, "The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction," Illuminations (New York: Schocken, 1973) 223.

11 Robert Wright, "Did the Universe just Happen?" Atlantic Monthly, April 1988: 29-44.

12 Timothy Binkley, "Camera Fantasia," Paper S.N.A., 1987.

13 Paul DeMan, "The Dead-End of Formalist Criticism," Debating Texts, (ed.) Rick Rylance (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1987) 101.

14 Minsky, 306.